首页 > 职业资格考试> 教师资格
题目内容 （请给出正确答案）
[主观题]

请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。 Global warming may or not be the great environmental crisis of

请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。

Global warming may or not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century， but regardless of whether it is or not， we won"t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even， as a nation， make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem， the less likely they are to be observed.

A1 Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth"， as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don"t know enough to believe global wanning， and——without major technological breakthroughs——we can"t do much about it.

From 2003 to 2050， the world"s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion， a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same， total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions （mainly， CO2） will be 42% higher in 2050. But that"s too low， because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world"s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else"s living standards. With modest growth， energy use and greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050.

No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom （limits on electricity usage， driving and travel） that might cut back global warming. Still， politicians want to show they"re "doing something". Consider the Kyoto Protocol. It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn"t. But it hasn"t reduced CO2 emissions （up about 25% since 1990）， and many signatories didn"t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.

The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster， the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it"s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don"t solve the engineering problem， we" re helpless.

What is said about global warming in the first paragraph？ 查看材料

A. It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.

B. It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.

C. Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.

D. Very little will be done to bring it under control.

查看答案
答案
收藏
如果结果不匹配，请 联系老师 获取答案
您可能会需要：
您的账号：，可能还需要：
您的账号：
发送账号密码至手机
发送
重置密码 查看订单 联系客服
安装优题宝APP，拍照搜题省时又省心！
更多“请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。 Global war…”相关的问题
第1题
请阅读Passage 2。完成第26-30小题。 Passage 2Reality television is a genre of television prog

请阅读Passage 2。完成第26-30小题。

Passage 2

Reality television is a genre of television programming which， it is claimed， presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations， documents actual events， and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form. of artificial or "heightened"documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form. or another since the early years of television， the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.

Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats， from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic， often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s （a modern example is Gaki No Tsukai）， to surveillance-or voyeurism-focused productions such as Big Brother.

Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form. of reality， with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations， sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers，and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.

Part of reality television"s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example， on the ABC show， The Bachelor， an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously， travelling on extraordinary" dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities， outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol， though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.

Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor， and other special-living-environment shows like The Real World， the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment，creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants， and use carefully designed scenarios， challenges， events， and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett， creator of Survivor and other reality shows， has agreed with this assessment， and avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said， "I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."

In the first line， the writer says "it is claimed" because__________. 查看材料

A.they agree with the statement

B.everyone agrees with the statement

C.no one agrees with the statement

D.they want to distance themselves from the statement

点击查看答案
第2题
请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。 Millions of Americans lie awake at night counting sheep， or ha

请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。

Millions of Americans lie awake at night counting sheep， or have a stiff drink or pop an allergy pill， hoping it will make them drowsy. But experts agree all that seff-medicating is a bad idea， and the causes of chronic insomnia remain mysterious.

Almost a third of adults have trouble sleeping， and about 10 percent have symptoms of daytime impairment that signal true insomnia. Sufferers readily cite the resulting problems: walking around in a fog， as memory and cognitive functions becoming slow. Dozing off at the wheel or at work. Depression. Lack of energy. But for all the complaints， scientists know surprisingly little about what causes chronic insomnia， its health consequences and how best to treat it， a panel of specialists brought together by the National Institutes of Health concluded Wednesday.

Two things are clear， the panel found: Chronic insomnia is a major public health problem. And too many people are using unproven therapies， even while there are a few treatments that do work.

Among the panel"s findings: Cognitive / behavioral therapy——a psychology-based treatment that trains people to reduce anxiety and take other sleep-promoting steps——is very effective， and doesn"t cause side effects. But it can be hard to find health providers trained in the techniques. Insomniacs should check with board-certified sleep specialists and psychologists.

Newer prescription sleep pills called Sonata， Ambien and Lunesta work without many of the side-effect concerns of older agents known as benzodiazepines （苯二氧类镇静药）. One study of Lunesta showed effectiveness with six months of use， but more research on long-term use of all three is needed， as chronic insomnia can linger for years.

The most commonly used treatments are alcohol and over-the-counter sedating antihistamines（抗组胺剂 ） like Benadryl. Alcohol use actually disrupts quality sleep， and antihistamines can cause lingering daytime sedation and other cognitive problems.

The most common prescription insomnia medicine is an older， sedating antidepressant called trazodone， even though there"s no good evidence that it offers more than a two-week benefit， and it comes with side effects.

One of the most effective ways to deal with choric insomnia is_________. 查看材料

A. to have a stiff drink

B. to pop an allergy pill

C. to sleep and get up early

D. cognitive / behavioral therapy

点击查看答案
第3题
请阅读Passage 1，完成第小题。 So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching a

请阅读Passage 1，完成第小题。

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learnin9，they will continue to undeaake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves．Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them．It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading．Douglas insists that reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible．”

Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes．They differ in kind and function． The funetion of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate tllat will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read．Teaching is also a public activity：It can be seen and observed．

Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the word of printed language．Almost all of it is private，for learning is an occupation of the mind，and that process is not open to public scrutiny．If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable，what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest for knowledge？ Smith has one principal rule for all instructions．“Make learning to read easy，which means and frequent experience for children． making reading a meaningful，teaching enjoyable

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are，and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately，then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated．Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading．

The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that__________. 查看材料

A.it is one of the most difficult school courses

B.students spend endless hours in reading

C.reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

D.too much time is spent on teaching about reading

点击查看答案
第4题
请阅读Passage 2。完成第小题。 A new study shows that students learn much better through an a

请阅读Passage 2。完成第小题。

A new study shows that students learn much better through an active， iterative process that involves working through their misconceptions with fellow students and getting immediate feedback from the instructor.

The research was conducted by a team at the University of British Columbia （UBC），Vancouver， in Canada， led by physics Nobelist Carl Wieman. In this study， Wieman trained a postdoc， Louis Deslauriers， and a graduate student， Ellen Schelew， in an educational approach， called "deliberate practice"， that asks students to think like scientists and puzzle out problems during class. For one week， Deslauriers and Schelew took over one section of an introductory physics course for engineering majors， which met three times for one hour. A tenured physics professor continued to teach another large section using the standard lecture format. The results were dramatic: After the intervention， the students in the deliberate practice section did more than twice as well on a 12-question multiple-choice test of the material as did those in the control section. They were also more engaged and a post-study survey found that nearly all said they would have liked the entire 15-week course to have been taught in the more interactive manner.

"It"s almost certainly the case that lectures have been ineffective for centuries. But now we"ve figured out a better way to teach" that makes students an active participant in the process， Wieman says. The "deliberate practice" method begins with the instructor giving students a multiple-choice question on a particular concept， which the students discuss in small groups before answering electronically. Their answers reveal their grasp of the topic， which the instructor deals with in a short class discussion before repeating the process with the next concept.

While previous studies have shown that this student-centered method can be more effective than teacher-led instruction， Woeman says this study attempted to provide "a particularly clean comparison ... to measure exactly what can be learned inside the classroom." He hopes the study persuades faculty members to stop delivering traditional lectures and "switch over" to a more interactive approach. More than 55 courses at Colorado across several departments now offer that approach， he says， and the same thing is happening gradually at UBC.

The results of the research reveal that_________. 查看材料

A. the students in the experimental section performed better on a test

B. the students preferred the traditional lectures to deliberate practice

C. the entire 15-week course was actually given in the new manner

D. the students in the control section seemed to be more engaged

点击查看答案
第5题
请阅读Passage 2。完成第小题。 The relationship between formal education and economic growth

请阅读Passage 2。完成第小题。

The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social， political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however， the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it， because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and， as a result， radically higher standards of living.

Ironically， the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago， with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak， the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was， and remains， the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda， Nissan， and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts——a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.

What is the real relationship between education and economic development？ We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don"t force it. After all， that"s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10，000 years ago， they didn"t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

As education improved， humanity"s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential， they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary， but not a sufficient， condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.

Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education， however， doesn"t constrain the ability of the developing world"s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary， constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn"t developing more quickly there than it is.

The author holds in Paragraph I that the importance of education in poor countries_________. 查看材料

A. is subject to groundless doubts

B. has fallen victim to bias

C. is conventionally downgraded

D. has been overestimated

点击查看答案
第6题
请阅读Passage l。完成第21—25小题。Passage 1It"s one of our common beliefs that mice are afra

请阅读Passage l。完成第21—25小题。

Passage 1

It"s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before， it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse s brain.

But now Wendy Ingram， a graduate student at the University of California， Berkeley， has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to"cure" mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite， reported the science journal Nature.

The parasite， called Toxoplasma gondii， might sound unfamiliar to you， but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans， especially pregnant women——it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.

However， the parasite"s effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat"s urine（尿） before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.

But that"s not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat"s smell，which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice"s brains.

Why does a parasite change a mouse"s brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans？

The answer lies in evolution.

"It"s exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse"s brain this way，" Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring."Typically if you have a bacterial infection， you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away."

She said， but this study has proven that wrong."This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."

The passage is mainly about__________. 查看材料

A.mice" s inborn terror of cats

B.the evolution of Toxoplasma

C.a new study about the effects of a parasite on mice

D.a harmful parasite called Toxoplasma gondii

点击查看答案
第7题
请阅读Passage l。完成第小题。 Teaching children to read well from the start is the most impo

请阅读Passage l。完成第小题。

Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the "look-say" or "whole-word" method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.

The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters， thinking over decoding， developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed，"learning how to learn" activities recommended by advocates of "open" classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963， no major publisher put out anything but these "Run-Spot-Run" readers.

However， in 1955， Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called "the great debate" in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can"t Read， Flesch indicted the nation"s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said——and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed——that another approach to beginning reading， founded on phonics， is far superior.

Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with

sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words， it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is_________. 查看材料

A. only logical and natural

B. the expected position

C. probably a mistake

D. merely effective instruction

点击查看答案
第8题
请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。 The use of deferential language is symbolic of the Confucian i

请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。

The use of deferential language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman， which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background， subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter， wife， and mother， master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she "treads softly in the world"， elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.

Nowadays， it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential "women"s" forms， and even using the few strong forms that are known as "men"s." This， of course， attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women"s language. Indeed， we didn"t hear about "men"s language" until people began to respond to girls" appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about the "corruption" of women"s language—which of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals

and morality——and this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media.

Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style. is no doubt something that young women have been expected to "grow into"——after all， it is assign not simply of femininity， but of maturity and refinement， and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one"s social relations as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older women——in a fashion analogous to little girls" use of a high-pitched voic to do "teacher talk" or "mother talk" in role play.

The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change——of social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the "masculization" of girls. In some instances， it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men， but that is very different from saying that they are trying to he "masculine". Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls， but different relations to life stages， and adolescent girls are participating in new sub-cultural forms. Thus what may， to an older speaker， seem like" masculine" speech may seem to an adolescent like "liberated" or "hip" speech.

Which is not a character of a typical refined Japanese woman？ 查看材料

A. Modesty and delicacy.

B. Beauty and grace to an art form.

C. A little masculine.

D. Influenced by Confucius on gender norms.

点击查看答案
第9题
请阅读Passage 1，完成第小题。 Passage 1The British Medical Journal recently featured a stron

请阅读Passage 1，完成第小题。

Passage 1

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.

Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon， its prevention， or its effective management， much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.

There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients，colleagues， insurers， and government.

The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial， religious， and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example， countries， cultures， and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.

Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour——if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling， if inconclusive， data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed， moral development may actually stop or even regress.

The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school"s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover， the school"s examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally， the treatment of infractions must be firm， fair， transparent， and consistent.

What does the author say about cheating in medical schools？ 查看材料

A.Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.

B.We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is feasible.

C.We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grand scale.

D.Reliable data about the extent， prevention and management of the phenomenon is lacking.

点击查看答案
第10题
请阅读Passage 2。完成第26。30小题。Passage 2The medical community owes economists a great dea

请阅读Passage 2。完成第26。30小题。

Passage 2

The medical community owes economists a great deal. Amartya Sen won a Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences in 1998. He has spent his entire career promulgating ideas of justice and freedom， with health rarely out of his gaze. Joseph Stiglitz won a Noble in 2001. In 1998， when he was chief economist at the （then） notoriously regressive World Bank， he famously challenged the Washington Consensus. And Jeff Sachs， a controversial figure to some critics， can fairly lay claim to the enormous achievement of putting health at the center of the Millennium Development Goals.

His"Commission on Macroeconomics and Health" was a landmark report， providing explicit evidence to explain why attacking disease was absolutely necessary if poverty was to be eradicated.

And I must offer my own personal gratitude to a very special group of economists——Larry Summers，Dean Jamison， Kenneth Arrow， David Evans， and Sanjeev Gupta. They were the economic team that drove the work of Global Health 2035.

But although we might be kind to economists， perhaps we should be tougher on the disci li- of economics itself. For economics has much to answer for. Pick up any economics textbook， and you will see the priority given to markets and efficiency， price and utility， profit and competition.

These words have chilling effects on our quest for better health. They seem to marginalize those qualities of our lives that we value most of all——not our self-interest， but our humanity; not the costs and benefits of monetary exchange， but vision and ideals that guide our decisions. It was these issues that were addressed at last week"s Global Health Lab， held at Lndon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

Anne Mills， Vice-Director of the School， fervently argued the case in favor of economists. It was they who contributed to understanding the idea of"best-buys" in global health. It was economists who challenged user fees. And it was economists who made the connection between health and economic growth， providing one of the most compelling political arguments for taking health seriously. Some economists might adore markets， but not health economists， she said.

"Health care is different." For her kind of economist， a health system is a"social institution that embodies the values of society".

Although competition has a part to play in health， it should be used judiciously as a mechanism to improve the quality of care. Chris Whitty， Chief Scientific Adviser at the UK"s DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment，expressedhiscontemptforthosewhoprofess indifference to economics. Economics is about the efficient allocation of scarce resources. Anyone who backed the inefficient allocation of resources is"immoral". He did criticize economists for their arrogance， though. Economists seemed to believe their ideas should be accepted simply because of the authority they held as economists. Economics， he said， is only one science among many that policy makers have to take into account. But Clare Chandler， a medical anthropologist，took a different view. She asked， what has neoliberal economics ever done for global health？ Her answer， in one word， was "inequality". Neoliberal economics frames the way we think and act. Her argument suggested that any economic philosophy that put a premium on free trade， privatization，minimal government， and reduced public spending on social and health sectors is a philosophy bereft of human virtue. The discussion that followed， led by Martin McKee， posed difficult questions. Why do economists pay such little attention to inequality？ Why do economists treat their theories like religions？ Why are economists so silent on their own failures？ Can economics ever be apolitical？ There were few satisfactory answers to these questions.

Which of the following best describes the author‘s attitude toward economists？ 查看材料

A.Contempt.

B.Reservation.

C.Detachment.

D.Endorsement.

点击查看答案
搜索
优题宝APP特色功能 语音搜题 智能识别 秒出答案 优题宝APP特色功能 拍照搜题 哪里不会 拍哪里
账号：
你好，搜题宝用户 复制账号
首页 题库 指南 APP 我的
退出 登录/注册
发送账号至手机
获取验证码
发送
温馨提示
该问题答案仅针对搜题卡用户开放，请点击购买搜题卡。
马上购买搜题卡
我已购买搜题卡， 登录账号 继续查看答案
重置密码
确认修改
湖南中本聪区块链科技有限公司  版权所有  ©2024
湘ICP备20004669号-2   营业执照
违法和不良信息举报电话：400-118-7898
举报/反馈/投诉邮箱：deng＃ujigu.com（请将＃替换成@）