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Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts （酵母菌), moulds （霉)

Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts (酵母菌), moulds (霉) and bacteria (细菌). The canning process, however, seals the product in a container so that no infection can reach it, and then it is sterilized (消毒) by heat. Heat sterilization destroys all infectious present in food inside the can. No chemical preservatives are necessary, and properly canned food does not deteriorate during storage.

Today vegetables, fish, fruit, meat and beer are canned in enormous quantifies. Foods that were previously seasonal may now be eaten at any time, and strange foods are available far from the countries where they are grown. The profitable crops many farmers now produce often depend on the proximity (邻近) of a canning factory.

The first stage in the canning process is the preparation of the raw food. Diseased and waste portions are thrown away; meat and fish are cleaned and trimmed; fruit and vegetables washed and graded for size. The jobs are principally done by machine

The next stage, for vegetables only, is blanching. This is immersion (浸洗) in very hot or boiling water for a short time to remove air and soften the vegetable. This makes it easier to pack into cans for sterilization. Some packing machines fill up to 400 cans a minute. Fruit, fish and meat are packed mw and cold into cans, and then all the air is removed. When the cans are sealed, the pressure inside each can is only about half the pressure of the outside air. This is "vacuum" packing.

During the sterilization process which follows, the cans are subjected to steam or boiling water, with the temperature and duration varying according to the type of food. Cans of fruit, for example, take only 5-10 minutes in boiling water, while meat and fish are cooked at higher temperature for longer periods. After sterilization, the cans are cooled quickly to 32℃, to prevent the contents from becoming too soft.

The final stage before dispatch to the wholesale or retail grocer is labeling, and packing the tins into boxes. Nowadays, however, labeling is often printed on in advance by the can maker and no paper labels are then required.

Food deteriorates during storage because ______.

A．necessary chemical preservatives are totally absent from it

B．it is infected with yeasts, moulds and bacteria

C．heat sterilization destroys infections present in it

D．it isn't fit for storage

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更多“Food which is kept too long de…”相关的问题
第1题
Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food, they also produce eggs which ___
___.

A．lack important fibres

B．lack important protein

C．lack important minerals

D．lack important vitamins

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第2题
听力原文：In the old days, fresh food had to be eaten in the city no more than one or two d

听力原文： In the old days, fresh food had to be eaten in the city no more than one or two days after it left the farm. If kept longer, it would spoil. One of the reasons behind it is that the air contains many living things that can harm our food. Some things, such as insects, can be seen by us. Others, like bacteria, can be seen only with a microscope.

All living things need water and man discovered that if this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which causes food to go bad is prevented. In other words, we can protect some of our food by drying it. Besides, living things can only grow at certain temperatures, so we can also protect our food by heating or cooling it.

A New York man had an idea. He filled a wooden railroad car with tons of butter. The car was hooked to a train and pulled from New York to Boston. How could this be done？ The butter was packed in ice, and twice during the trip more ice was added. This was the first refrigerator ear. As a matter of fact, People also used wooden boxes filled with ice to keep their food. Now we have mechanical refrigerator cars and mechanical refrigerators at home and stores and other places that need them.

(33)

A．Food had to be kept in the ice box.

B．Fresh food must be eaten within one or two days after being shipped from the fame.

C．Food must be delivered from the farm within one or two days.

D．Food must be kept in the places near the farm.

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第3题
There are advantages in 1997, if you want to look for them. The air is cleaner, and there
seem to be fewer colds. The crime rate has dropped. With the police car too expensive, policemen are back on their heats. More important, the streets are full. Legs are king, and people walk everywhere far into the night. There is mutual protection in crowds.

If the weather isn't too cold, people sit out front. If it is hot, the open air is the only air-conditioning they get. At least, the street lights still burn. Indoors, few people can afford to keep lights burning after supper.

As for the winter—well, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of what furnace fuel is allowed hoarded for the dawn. But sweaters are popular indoor wear. Showers are not an everyday luxury.

It is sore in the suburbs, which were born with the auto, lived with the auto, and are dying with the auto. Suburbanites from associations that assign turns to the procurement and distribution of food. Rushcarts creak from house to house along the posh suburban roads, and every bad snowstorm is a disaster. It isn't easy to hoard enough food to last till the roads are open.

What energy is left must be conserved for agriculture. The great car factories make trucks and farm machinery almost exclusively. The American population isn't going up much any more, but the food supply must be kept high even though the prices and difficulty of distribution force each American to eat less. Food is needed for export to pay for some trickles of oil and for other resources.

The rest of the world is not as lucky as we are. They're starving out there because earth's population has continued to rise. The population on earth is 5.5 billion—up by 1.5 billion since 1997—and outside the United States and Europe, not more than one in five has enough to eat at any given time. There is a high infant mortality rate.

It's more than just starvation, though. There are those who manage to survive on barely enough to keep the body working, and that proves to be not enough for the brain. It is estimated that nearly two billion people in the world are permanently brain damaged by undernutrition, and the number is growing.

At least, the big armies are gone. Only the United States and the Soviet Union can maintain a few tanks, planes, and ships—which they dare not move for fear of biting into limited fuel reserves.

Machines must be replaced by human muscle and beasts of burden. People are working longer hours, and with lighting restricted, television only three hours a night, new books few and printed in small editions—what is there to do with leisure？ Work, sleep, and eating are the great trinity of 1997, and only the first two are guaranteed.

What is the passage about？

A．It is a history of life in 1907.

B．It is the description of life after a war.

C．It is an imaginary account of life in 1997.

D．It is a scientific study of life in 1997.

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第4题
阅读理解： 结合上下文内容补全填空。（共 50 分）

Mary, the 17-year-old daughter of a rich textile（纺织品） owner was freed（释放） by her kidnappers（绑匪） after 118 days. She said she spent most of the time in a tent in the woods （1） one foot tied to a tree. She was freed late on Friday （2） her family paid a total of

$1. 8 million, the largest ransom (赎金) ?ever?paid in Italy.

“I was treated （3） , ” the girl told the reporter during the interview, “Biscuits, cakes, often hot food and at times beef. ” She said her nearly four months in trouble was spent in a tent set up inawooded?area.

“I never saw their faces and （4） they spoke, they changed their voices in nasal tones (speaking through nose passage) on purpose , ” she said. “They kept repeating that the only thing they wanted was the money and that they didn' t want to have （5） to do with me or my family. ”

The high school student, who was seized by three face-covered and armed men on July 2, 1983 from her family' s country villa in Tuscany, said she still had no idea?where?exactly she had been held.

(1)A. with

B. and

C. although

(2) A. so

B. after

C. unless

(3) A. good

B. bad

C. well

(4)A. when

B. that

C. which

(5) A. nothing

B. something

C. anything

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第5题
阅读材料，回答题。Step Back in Time Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the peopl

阅读材料，回答题。

Step Back in Time

Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us？ One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now， she can live until at least 80.

One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.

But in order that we don"t slip back into bad habits， let"s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.

Families had between 15 and 20 children， although many babies didn"t live long.Children suffered from lots of diseases， especially tickets （佝偻病 ） and scurvy （坏血病） ， which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well.

Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up，bending over a piece of string， because there was no room for them to lie down.

People didn"t have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills （窗台板 ） ， blocks of ice， or even burying it in the garden.

Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago， you might well be selling matchsticks （火柴杆） （a job done by many children ） or working with your dad by now.

16. On average women lived longer than men 100 years ago. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第6题
The incident occurred during the Toronto Zoo’s 28th annual Christmas Treats Walk, whe
re admission is free in return for donation of food that does not easily go bad.Thousands of people attend each Boxing Day to see the animals fed by their handlers.

We know from the passage that____.

A、the tiger escape lasted a whole day

B、the zoo workers planned to shoot the tiger dead

C、the tiger wasn’t kept securely enough from the public

D、the incident took place on the zoo’s anniversary day

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第7题
根据内容回答题。 Step Back in TimeDo you know that we live a lot longer now than the peo

根据内容回答题。

Step Back in Time

Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us？ One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80.

One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for US and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily.

But in order that we don&39;t slip back into bad habits,let&39;s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago.

Families had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn&39;t live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets (佝偻病)and scurvy (坏血病), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their chil- dren well.

Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down.

People didn&39;t have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on window- sills(窗台板) ,blocks of ice ,or even burying it in the garden.

Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆) (a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.

On average women lived longer than men 100 years ago. 查看材料

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

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第8题
LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your une

Landfills

You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don't think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don't have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.

Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash？ Some gets recycled(回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.

How Much Trash Is Generated？

Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled(glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted(做成堆肥) yard waste. The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.

How Is Trash Disposed of？

The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This flash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries(United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.

What Is a Landfill？

There are two ways to bury trash:

Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals(rats, mice, birds). This is most people's idea of a landfill!

Landfill—carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment(groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.

Sanitary landfill—landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment

Municipal solid waste(MSW) landfill—landfill that uses a synthetic(plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment.

The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, wall be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose(腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.

Proposing the Landfill

For a landfill, to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.

In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine:

the area of land necessary for the landfill

the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock

the flow of surface water over the site

the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife

the historical value of the proposed site

Building the Landfill

Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第9题
Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of
the need to change their eating habit, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.

Natural foods, for example, are vegetable, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil and are rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the a-mount—but not the quality--of foods grown in commercial farming areas.

Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farm, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.

There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form. of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fibre.

It is significant that nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fibre has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of wholemeal bread and more vegetables by modem experts in "healthy eating".

This passage is mainly concerned with ______.

A．people's growing interest in natural foods

B．natural food and healthy diet

C．the importance of fibre in foods

D．harmful effects of sugar

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