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Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1995 in the United States.
A 19【M2】 photo shows Bill as a rapt young teenager,
watched his friend Paul Allen type at a computer terminal. 【M1】______
Allen became a co-founder of Microsoft. As for a child, Gates 【M2】______
had neat hair and an eager, pleasant smile. He entered Harvard
and dropped out to found Microsoft in 19【M9】Microsoft's first 【M3】______
product was a version of the programming language BASIC, for
the Altair 8800, arguably the world's first personal computer.
BASIC, invented by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz in 1964,
was someone else's idea. Such was the Alter. 【M4】______
By 1980, IBM had decided to build personal computers
and needed a PC operating system. So they fired Microsoft to 【M5】______
build its operating system. Microsoft bought Q-DOS from a
company called Seattle Computer Products and retailed them 【M6】______
for the PC.
The PC was released in August 1981 and was following 【M7】______
into the market by huge flocks of honking, beeping clones.
Apple released the Macintosh in 1984: a sophisticated
computer was now available to the masses. In May 1990,
Microsoft finally perfected it's own version of Apple windows 【M8】______
3.0, another huge hit.
By the early 1990s, electronic mail and the Internet were
big. Technologists forecast an Internet centered view of computing
called "mirror worlds". The World Wide Web was emerged in 【M9】______
1994, marking browsers unnecessary, and Netscape was founded 【M10】______
that same year.
【M1】
在下表中我们列出了英镑对一些外国货币的平均实际汇率指数(这些平均指数被称为实际有效汇率)。这些指数中任何一个数值的提高都意味着英镑的实际升值，即英国的价格水平相对于用英镑表示的外国平均价格水平提高，反之则为贬值。
英国实际有效汇率的变更，1976～1984年(1980=100)
|
请用以上信息解释英国1978～1984年实际有效汇率变动的原因，请注意非贸易品的作用。
In the late 1970s Britain seemed to have struck it rich．Having developed its North Sea oil-producing fields in earlier years，Britain suddenly found its real income higher as a result of a dramatic increase in world oil prices in 1979-1980． In the early 1980s，however，oil prices receded as the world economy slid into a deep recession and world oil demand faltered．
On the following page，we show index numbers for the average real exchange rate of the pound against several foreign currencies．(Such average index numbers are called real effective exchange rates.)A rise in one of these numbers indicates a real appreciation of the pound，that is，an increase in Britain's price level relative to the average price level abroad measured in pounds．A fall is a real depreciation．
Real Effective Exchange Rate of Pound Sterling，1976-1984年(1980=100)
|
Use the clues we have given about the British economy to explain the rise and fall of the pound's real effective exchange rate between 1978 and 1984． Pay particular attention to the role of nontradables．
The Academy created the golden trophy to【C4】______ performances by the industry's【C5】______ actors, actresses and directors,【C6】______ expanding to【C7】______ not even envisioned in 1927.
【C8】______ the first award ceremony in 1928, nearly 3,000 of the trophies have been【C9】______ The early editions of the statues were bronze, but during the World War Ⅱ's metal【C10】______, the trophies were made of plaster (石膏). Those were later redeemed for the now gold-plated ones. The trophy wasn't always called an Oscar,【C11】______ was it always so tall or heavy. The knight now stands 34 cm【C12】______ and weighs 3.85 kg.
Carried【C13】______ by radio, the Academy Awards were first【C14】______ in 1953 in black and white, making the【C15】______ to color in 1966.
The highly【C16】______ invitation-only award ceremony which is watched【C17】______, goes on no matter what, though on rare【C18】______ the broadcast has been delayed. Ceremonies were delayed in 1938【C19】______ heavy flooding, in 1968 after the assassination of civil rights leader, Martin Luther King, and in 1981 after the assassination【C20】______ on one-time actor and then President Ronald Reagan.
【C1】
A．propose
B．promote
C．publish
D．release
Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.
Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (通俗电视连续剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.
“Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working,” says Martine. “They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior. and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.”
Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction,” says Martine.
第31题：According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth ________.
A) by educating its citizens
B) by careful family planning
C) by developing TV programmes
D) by chance
Brazil's population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.
Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas and installment (分期付款)plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world's biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil's most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.
"Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values-not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working, "says Martine. "They sent this image to all pans of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior. and other values, which were put into a very attractive pack age."
Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. "This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction," says Martine.
According to the passage ,Brazil has cut back its population growth ______.
A．by educating its citizens
B．by careful family planning
C．by developing TV programmes
D．by chance
根据以下材料，回答题
Middle Age: A Low Point for Most
People around the globe hit the height of their misery and depression in middle 51_________ .， a new international study suggests. The finding by British and American researchers was based on an analysis of well-being among approximately 52_________ million people in 80 nations. With few exceptions，the observation appears to apply across the board， regardless 2 gender （性别） ， culture，geography， wealth， job history， education， and marriage or parental status.
"The scientific fact seems to be that happiness and positive mental health follow a giant "U" 53_________ through life，" said study author Andrew J. Oswald， a professor of economics at Warwick University in Warwickshire， England. "For the average person， it"s high when you"re 20， and then it slowly 54_________ and bottoms out in your 40s. But the good news is that your 55_________ health picks up again， and eventually gets back to the high levels of your youth."
The finding was 56_________ on the pooling of several different sources of happiness data，including: two multi-decade happiness/satisfaction surveys （first launched in the 1970s）， involving about 500，000 American and Western European men and women; four rounds of the 80-nation "World Values Survey" 57_________ between 1981 and 2004 in North America， Eastern and WesternEurope， Asia， Africa， Australia， and Central and South America; and a 2004-2007 survey 58_________ nearly 1 million Britons.
The bottom-line: For most people throughout the world， the highest probability for 59_________ striking is around 44 years of age.
In the United States， however， some as-yet unexplained 60_________ differences were observed， with happiness among men dipping the most in their early 50s， whereas women hit their nadir （最低点 ） around the age of 40.
The researchers cautioned that cheerful people tend to live longer than unhappy. 61_________ – a fact that might have skewed （使偏斜） the overall finding. But they also suggested that evidence of a happiness 62_________ might simply reflect a midlife choice to give up long-held but no longer tenable （守得住的） aspiration （志向）， followed by a senior"s sense of gratitude for having successfully endured 63_________ others did not.
"That said， some might find it helpful simply to understand the general 64_________ of mental health as they go through their own life，" said Oswald. "It might be useful for people to realize that if they are 65_________ in their 40s this is normal. It is not exceptional. And just knowing this might help".
回答（51）题 查看材料
A.age
B.place
C.height
D.degree
Although 【21】______ circuits made computers smaller, the processing units still consisted 【22】______ a number of circuits on separate chips. In 1971, an engineer working for Intel realized that a 【23】______ of circuits commissioned for an electronic calculator could all be put 【24】______ one chip, and that the resulting device could be used 【25】______ a general-purpose "computer on a chip". The result was the Intel 4004 -- the world's first microprocessor. Physically, it consisted of a silicon chip in a protective ceramic capsule, with a set of metal pins sticking 【26】______ that connected it to other components in whatever 【27】______ it controlled. It 【28】______ 2,300 transistors, 【29】______ 60,000 operations per second, and could be used for any device -- including computers and robots -- that required a "brain" for accepting 【30】______ and following a program of 【31】______ to produce an output. Within five years, many very powerful microprocessors had 【32】______ .The invention of microprocessors 【33】______ the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer (PC)-- an affordable machine for 【34】______ The first PCs, in kit form, appeared in the mid 1970s, and by the mid-1980s machines such as the Apple Macintosh and those based 【35】______ a PC first 【36】______ by IBM in 1981 were popular throughout the world. The success of these machines led to an explosion of software, in 【37】______ a range of spreadsheet, word-processing, graphic, educational, and games programs. Since the 1980s, a number of strong-intertwined themes have 【38】______ the computer revolution forward, including a continuing increase in the processing power and decrease in the size and cost of PCs; a switch of emphasis from 【39】______ to linked machines, as evidenced by the growth of local area networks and the Internet; and the spread of computer applications into virtually every 【40】______ of home and business life.
【21】
A．integral
B．comprehensive
C．integrated
D．general
Zaha Hadid Wins Pritzker Architecture Prize
For the first time in its 25-year history, the coveted Pritzker Architecture Prize has been won by a woman, a Baghdad-born designer whose relatively small collection of Modernist works has vaulted her into the top league of a profession dominated by men.
Zaha Hadid, who is based in London, becomes only the third Briton to win what is sometimes de-scribed as the architecture world's equivalent of the Nobel Prize, organizers said on Sunday. At 53, she is also one of the youngest Pritzker laureates.
Hadid's built works include a fire station in Weilam Rhein, Germany, a car park in Strasbourg, France and a ski jump in Innsbruck, Austria. While seemingly quotidian in nature, these works showcase her bold use of space and geometry to mirror the complexity of urban living.
Her sole completed U.S. project, the Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art in Cincinnati, opened last year. Hailed as an "urban oasis" by The New York Times, the eight-story comer structure looks like a collection of interlocking boxes perched delicately above the glass-enclosed downtown entrance.
Somewhat controversially, Hadid does not have any completed projects in the capital city of her adopted country. Indeed, her career has been marked by several highprofile setbacks. Most notably, political infighting scuppered her radical design for the Cardiff Bay Opera House in Wales in 1995, an episode that turned her into frontpage news in Britain.
In an interview with Reuters, Hadid said she has been stigmatized in Britain, where her firm wins plenty of competitions, such as the Cardiff Bay project, but rarely sees them turned into reality because of "dodgy" roles that allow the organizers to take a different course.
The citation from the Pritzker jury said Hadid's path to worldwide recognition has been a "heroic struggle." In an additional comment, Jury chairman Lord Rothschild referred to "the forces of conservatism'' for her inability to complete a building in London.
The Pritzker Prize was established in 1979 by the Pritzker family, the Chicago-based clan that owns the Hyatt hotel chain, as a means of honoring a living architect whose built works, among other things, produce "consistent and significant contributions to humanity."
The inaugural winner was Philip Johnson, the first of seven American honorees. The other British winners were James Stirling in 1981 and Lord Foster in 1999. Last year's winner was Jan Utzon, the Danish designer of the Sydney Opera House.
The prize, consisting of a bronze medallion and a ＄ 100,000 check is handed out at a different location each year. The ceremony for Hadid will take place at the State Hermitage Museum in St. Peters burg, Russia on May 31.
While the British establishment may be slow to embrace Hadid's radical stylings, she has plenty of fans in other parts of the world. In the United States, she is working on the Price Tower Arts Center, to be built in the shadow of Frank Lloyd Wright's 19story building in Bartlesville, Okla. Hadid is also one of the five finalists—and the sole Briton—selected to design the proposed 2012 Olympic Village in New York City.
In Europe, current projects include the main building for a new BMW plant in the German city of Leipzig, and the MAXXI contemporary arts center in Rome. Asian developments include a Guggenheim museum in Taiwan and an opera house in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou.
One part of the world where she has yet to leave her mark is Baghdad, which boasted examples of several early Modernist projects when she was growing up.
"I think it would be nice to do something there eventually, only because it's actually a rather nice city," Hadid said, noting that things may have changed a little in the 24 years since she was last ther
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
s and established and supervised all facets of health policy.Along with a system of national,provincial, and local facilities,the ministry regulated a network of industrial and state enterprise hospitals and other facilities covering the health needs of workers of those enterprises.In 1981 this additional network provided approximately 25 percent of the country's total health services.
Wal-mart is determined to become world's top retailer.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
A.HHHH
B.Hello,world!
C.HHHHHello
D.HHHH,world!
