案例内容:
1998年5月2日至5月3日,欧盟国家特别首脑会议在布鲁塞尔召开,就成立欧洲货币联盟、发行统一欧洲货币(欧元)和建立欧洲中央银行体系等三大问题达成共识。会议发表的公报中宣布,自1999年1月1日起,欧共体11国将实行统一的欧洲货币——欧元。按照公报要求,加入欧元区域的各参与国将放弃其货币与经济主权,实行经济与货币政策的趋同,由欧洲中央银行统一制定和实施货币政策。由此,欧洲各国40多年来一直追求与向往的经济与货币一体化的目标将基本实现。
案例问题:请分析欧元诞生对国际经济格局的影响。
Why might EMS provisions for the extension of central bank credits from strong-to weak-currency members have increased the stability of EMS exchange rates?
Imagine that the EMS became a monetary union with a single currency but that it created no European Central Bank to manage this currency.Instead,imagine that the task was left to the various national central banks.each of which was allowed to issue as much of the European currency as it liked and to conduct open-market operations.What problems can you foresee arising from such a scheme?
欧盟的机构中,能够处理与《罗马公约》相矛盾的事宜的是()
A.欧洲法院
B.部长理事会
C.欧洲委员会
D.欧洲中央银行
A.商业银行
B.跨国公司及其他工商企业、个人及非银行金融机构
C.各国政府和中央银行的外汇资金和外汇储备
D.石油美元(petrodollars)存款
E.银行发行中、短期欧洲票据和欧洲货币存款单,以此聚集大量欧洲银行贷款资金