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根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。 Text 4 It was not "the comet of the century" experts pre

根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。

Text 4

It was not "the comet of the century" experts predicted it might be. However, Kohoutek has provided a bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from Earth, by an astronomer who was searching the sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists who tracked Kohoutek the ten months before it passed the Earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell short of these predictions, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Researchers were very happy nonetheless with the new information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet.Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds -- methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide -- never before seen in comets, but found it the far reaches of interstellar space. This discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets.

Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial remnants from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane, key components of Jupiter, were seen in comets, it would suggest that comets form. within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds, such as the methyl cyanide found in Kohoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets;there the deep freeze of space has kept them unchanged.

第 36 题 Why was Kohoutek referred to as" the comet of the century" ？

A．It was thought to be extremely old.

B．It passes the Earth once a century.

C．Scientists predicted it would be very bright.

D．Scientists have been tracking it for a century.

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第5题

根据下列文章,请回答 1～20 题。 Read the following text. Choose the best word（s) for each nu

根据下列文章,请回答 1～20 题。

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A． B．C．or D on ANSWER SHEET1.

In the past,the Park Service focused on making the big scenic parks more_______ 21 and comfortable for tourists. Roads were paved to allow "windshield visitors" to experience the grandeur of nature without leaving their cars, and a _____ 22 number of hotels and grocery stores were permitted to open _____23 the park boundaries.

Now this trend is changing. Plans have been made to _____24 the parks to their natural condition as much as possible. The objective of such a move would be to secure the preservation of the parks for future generations, _____ 25 allowing present-day visitors to experience pure wilderness, _____26 from any obvious signs of civilization -- an opportunity which is quickly disappearing in the twentieth century. _____27 plans call only _____28 a reduction in the number of cars _____ 29 into the parks each day, but _____ 30 ,tourists may have to leave their cars at the gates and then either visit the park on foot _____31 use park _____ 32 . _____33 , stores and hotels may no longer be allowed within park boundaries and even the number of campgrounds may be restricted.

Denali National Park in Alaska serves as an excellent _____34 for this new type of park, one which has been changed only slightly from its _____ 35 state. There is only one road, unpaved in _____ 36 , which cross _____ 37 Denali. As car traffic is strictly limited, many visitors experience the magnificent _____38 and wildlife from a park bus. There are no hotels or stores and only seven campgrounds within Denali's 3,000 square miles. This _____ 39 isolation offers backpackers,canoeists, and other sport enthusiasts a _____40 .physical and psychological challenge.

第 1 题

A． possible

B．accessible

C．approachable

D．reachable

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第6题

根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。 Text 4 Although there had been various small cameras dev

根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。

Text 4

Although there had been various small cameras developed, it was not until George Eastman introduced the Kodak in 1888 that the mass appeal of photography attracted America and Europe and thereafter spread quickly to the far comers of the earth. Eastman called his new famous camera the Kodak for no particular reason except that he liked the word. It was easy to remember and could be pronounced in any language.

An immediate consequence of Eastman' s invention was a blizzard of amateur photographs that soon became known as snapshots. The word came from hunters' jargon. When a hunter fired a gun from the hip, without taking careful aim, it was described as a snapshot. Photographers referred to the process of taking pictures as shooting, and they would take pride in a good day' s shoot the way country gentlemen would boast about the number of birds brought down in an afternoon.

Photography became not only easy but fun because of the Kodak. Almost overnight photography became one of the world' s most popular hobbies. A new and universal folk art was born ; the showing of one' s latest pictures and the creation of family albums became popular social pastimes.Camera clubs and associations numbered their members in the millions. One ardent amateur was the French novelist Emile Zola, who took a lot of photographs of his family, friends, and travels. Interviewed about his favorite hobby in 1900, he observed, "I think you cannot say you have thoroughly seen anything until you have got a photograph of it. "

"The little black box," as the Kodak was affectionately dubbed, revolutionized the way people communicated. "A picture is worth a thousand words" was the claim and there were literally billions of pictures. In one year alone -- 1988, the centenary of the invention of the Kodak -- it is estimated that almost thirty billion were taken in America alone. The impact of the sale of photographic equipment on the economy is equally mind-boggling.

Photography has played an essential role in the media revolution. It has greatly enhanced our ability to convey information, so that the concept of the global village has become a commonplace. Photographs have greatly extended our understanding of and compassion for our fellow human beings.

Did Mr. Eastman have the faintest idea of the power residing in his "little black box" ？

第 36 题 What was the underlying significance of the invention of the Kodak？

A．It made the work of professionals more enjoyable.

B．It made picture-taking suddenly popular among ordinary people.

C．It marked the beginning of manufacturing small cameras.

D．It met the need of photographers in America and Europe.

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第7题

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第8题

根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。 Text 4 In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capi

根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。 Text 4

In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. Meanwhile the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.

The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. During the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India,Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.

The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of employees in the company in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the workers and their demands, but even he had seldom familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employers had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business. Indeed the mere size of operations and the number of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.

第36题：The author says that old family firms_____

A．were ruined by the younger generations.

B．failed for lack of individual initiative.

C．lacked efficiency compared with modern companies.

D．were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers.

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第9题

根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。 Text 4 In the late years of the nineteenth century, "c

根据下列文章,请回答 36～40 题。

Text 4

In the late years of the nineteenth century, "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. Meanwhile the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.

The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. During the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India,Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation.

The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of employees in the company in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the workers and their demands, but even he had seldom familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employers had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business. Indeed the mere size of operations and the number of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.

第 36 题 The author says that old family firms_____

A．were ruined by the younger generations.

B．failed for lack of individual initiative.

C．lacked efficiency compared with modern companies.

D．were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers.

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第10题

根据下列文章,请回答 1～20 题。 TextFor the __________26 month, mysterious falls of large

根据下列文章,请回答 1～20 题。

Text

For the __________26 month, mysterious falls of large chunks of ice (冰雹) ________27 rained down on Spain and Italy. Juana Sanchez, a 70-year-old woman in Almeria, southern Spain, was knocked ________ 28 when she was struck on the shoulder by a falling ice chunk ________29 she walked in a street ________30 her home. On January 12, just about 200 miles away in Seville, a man narrowly ________ 31 serious injury when a 9-pound ball of ice ________ 32 into his car. ________33 the evening of January 27 priests at the Salesian monastery in L'Aquila, Italy were startled by a loud crash. _______ 34 the noise, they discovered a large chunk of ice on their yard, _______ 35 intact. Upon examination, the block of ice _______ 36 in at 2 kilograms and no source _______37 . On the same day, about 100 miles northeast in Ancona, Italy, the local officials were called to investigate the report of a man _______38 was struck _______ 39 the head by a 1 kilogram chunk of ice that apparently fell from the sky.

Spain and Italy aren't the only European _______40 getting attacked by huge ice blocks in January. On January 2 in Surrey, England (southwest of London), an East Indian man was walking through Newton Athletic Park when he _______ 41 a strange whistling sound overhead. Seconds _______ 42, a large hunk of ice fell out of the clear blue sky and pounded into the soft ground, shattering over a 50-foot-wide area. The ice dug a hole of a foot deep and a foot in diameter. Even the shattered remains of the mystery ice were as large as tennis balls and were described as opaque _______43 no unusual color or smell.

Although eyewitnesses to the phenomenon report that they did not see anything in the sky that could account _______ 44 the ice, scientists had to come up with a rationalization. Professor Jesus Martinez Frias, the geologist investigating the ice falls in Spain, told BBC News that the ice pieces had probably been _______ 45 through sudden temperature drops in the stratosphere. This was the most likely explanation, he said, for the "very unusual" phenomenon.

第 1 题

A．last

B．past

C．passed

D．early

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