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[单选题]

A consumer is said to be in equilibrium in his or her choice between two goods A and B when:（).

A.the total purchase of good A gives the same satisfaction as the total purchase of good

B.the last unit of good A purchased gives the same addition to satisfaction as the last unit of good b purchase

C.each penny spent on good A gives the same satisfaction as each penny spent on good

D.the last penny spent on good A gives the same addition to satisfaction as the last penny spent on good

E.the last pennies spent on goods A and B generate no additions to satisfaction.

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更多“A consumer is said to be in eq…”相关的问题

第1题

听力原文：W: Jim, thank goodness you've arrived. The class report started half an hour ago.

And I was just beginning to worry.

M: I'm sorry I'm late, Ellen. This morning has been a real mess. I didn' t think I was going to make it here at all.

W: Why are you late？ Our whole report depends on those drawings you're holding.

M: Yes, I know. I'll tell you about it later. First, let's see how we're doing for time. Two groups are still ahead of us, aren't they？ The re- port on the rights of the consumer and the analysis of the stock market. That means I've got about 20 minutes to warm up.

W: You do look cold. What happened？

M: I've been standing outside in cold temperatures for over an hour waiting for a bus.

W: Over an hour？ But I thought your apartment was only a ten-minute bus ride to campus.

M: Under normal conditions, but the bus was delayed because of the weather. And when I stepped into a drugstore to call home for a ride, the bus went by. As luck would have it, there was no one home so I had to wait for another 45 minutes for the next bus.

W: That's Murphy's law, isn't it？ What was it said？ "If anything can go wrong, it will. " Well, we've still got 20 minutes to gather our wits together.

M: We'd better stop talking. People are turning around and looking at us

What is the woman' s tone of voice when she first sees the man？

A．Sad.

B．Relieved.

C．Mocking.

D．Apologetic.

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第2题

China's New Middle ClassXia Jiaping opened his living room window and gazed out across the

China's New Middle Class

Xia Jiaping opened his living room window and gazed out across the city he calls home. "None of this was here when I was young," he said of the glass and steel towers rising in the distance.

The new skyscrapers weren't there before, but then, neither was the new class of Chinese to which Xia belongs.

His membership in that class is loudly proclaimed by the middle-class furnishings that are scattered about his 14th-floor apartment: a leather sofa, a flat-screen television, a flat-screen computer, a violin for his daughter, a microwave oven, and thick carpets. If the country has a history that's five millennia long as it says it has, then the rise of the middle class has occurred in scarcely the blink of an eye. Its emergence is one of the most rapid social transformations in history.

New Change

The creation of this middle class has either come from or has released from large-scale economic, social and cultural change and, in the eyes of many Chinese, it signals the beginning of a permanent transformation of Chinese society.

"Nobody in 1990 could have looked forward 10 years and predicted where China is today," said Shao Yibo, who received his MBA at Harvard University. He returned to Shanghai three years ago to start Eachnet. com, a Chinese version of eBay, the online auctioneer. "There have been some unimaginable changes in China. And people just have to be here to believe it. This is clearly a city where things are happening. Shanghai is an exciting place to be."

Shao's company, which offers Chinese consumers everything from cars to houses, cosmetics to computers, cell phones to antique Hong Kong bonds, is just one of the thousands of new, privately owned concerns appearing in Shanghai. These companies cater to middle class cravings while creating middle-class jobs.

China was not like the United States, Europe and even post-war Japan. Its growing consumer class does not have its roots in any middle-class ancestry. The parents of this new class of people invariably were workers or farmers.

Xia is now a manager at one of the world's largest software companies. He was born in this city in 1965, where he joined four older sisters in his parents' two-room home in a dormitory for factory workers. But, when China's reforms, which began in the late 1970s, meant that universities began accepting freshmen after being closed for a decade, Xia made the move. He was a diligent student, and in 1984 was admitted to Shanghai's Jiaotong University, to study applied mathematics.

Taking the Plunge

When he was about to graduate, an assortment of state-owned companies and research institutes visited Jiaotong to recruit. "I was offered a position by the East China Computer Research Institute, a government institute," Xia said. "At the time there were some other choices but nothing seemed as good as this. Things were in transition at the time but we were not so clear as to what was happening. I'd say most students went to state-owned institutions. " Xia worked for the institute for five years, all the time living with his parents. While he was at the institute he studied programming and became familiar with major software systems. His monthly pay was about US $ 250. Then, in 1993, he got a call that would change his life. "A salesman at this company called me and asked me to join," he explained. "But the first time they asked me I said I wasn't ready."

"I said I hadn't thought about taking the plunge into the sea," said Xia, using the expression common at the time for leaving the safety net of state employment and taking a risk in the private sector. "Then they called me again and came to my home. I was not alone in thinking it was a risk to do something like this, all of society thought it was a risk. You have to remember t

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第3题

Google Closes In on DoubleClick DealScore one for Google. The Federal Trade Commission rul

Google Closes In on DoubleClick Deal

Score one for Google. The Federal Trade Commission ruled Dee. 20 that it would not block Google's (GOOG) proposed＄3.1 billion acquisition of leading online ad-serving and tracking firm DoubleClick. The 4-1 decision in Google's favor marked a major win for the Web search Goliath, which is battling to expand its considerable share of the ＄30 billion online advertising market beyond tiny text ads related to Web queries.

But Googie can't claim victory yet. The European Union's antitrust commission still needs to sign off on the merger before Google can begin incorporating DoubleClick into its business. That may not happen without Google agreeing to certain conditions, if at all. Already, the EU has raised concerns about its impact on consumer privacy. "This is round one of a two-round battle," says Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy (CDD), a nonprofit public interest group that opposed the merger. "The EU can kill the deal, there is no question about it."

The FTC said in its decision that it could only consider privacy concerns as they relate to marketplace competition. But it did issue a separate statement with some recommendations concerning online customer data collection and privacy.

The Personal Business of Ad Placement

Google has faced strong opposition to its online advertising ambitions since it announced plans to acquire DoubleCliek in April (BusinessWeek.com, 4/14/07 ). Competitors for online ad dollars, such as Microsoft (MSFT), argue the merger will enable Google to effectively control the market. Ads placed beside Web search results account for more than 40% of the dollars spent online, and Google controls more than two-thirds of that market, according to eMarketer. Much of the remaining online ad dollars go to display ads, the poster-like banners--DoubleClick's forte--that run on most Web sites.

Online ads are priced based on how well they are matched to the target consumer. Google collects data on searches performed by individual computers, and DoubleClick records information about the computers that visit the Web pages in its network. The more data they collect, the better they can match a marketer's ad to a potentially interested customer, and the higher the premium they can charge on the ad.

But consumer groups see the issue another way: the more data collected, the higher the risk of violating someone's privacy. For the past eight months, groups voiced concerns to the FTC that a combined Google/ DoubleClick would aggregate too much information about what Web surfers do online, putting consumers at risk. In the end, the majority of the commissioners decided DoubleClick does not control enough of the display-ad market to give Google an unfair monopoly. "Competition among firms in this market is vigorous and will likely increase," the commission majority wrote in a statement.

Increased Competition

Recent announcements by Google's chief competitors support this argument. On Dec. 19, Microsoft—one of the few to challenge Google's merger before the FTC--announced a ＄500 million, five-year advertising deal to place ads on Viacom's (VIA) network of popular Web sites, including MTV.com. Microsoft will also be able to sell ad space on Viacom pages that are not in a premium position, based on the data it has about visitors to Viacom's sites.

Microsoft also recently solidified multiyear advertising agreements with Facebook, the second most popular social network in the U.S., after News Corp.'s (NWS) MySpace, and well-trafficked social news site Digg (BusinessWeek.com, 9/19/07 ). "When Microsoft comes into a room and talks about anticompetitive behavior. and threats to privacy, no one can take them seriously," says the CDD's Chester.

It also didn't help Google opponents that many of the company's competitors recently

A．Google doesn't agree to certain conditions.

B．The European Union needs to sign often the merge.

C．Google has raised concerns about consumer privacy.

D．Google can't begin incorporating DoubleClick into it's business.

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第4题

Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodgepodge （大杂烩) of environmental claims

Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodgepodge (大杂烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a "green labeling" study published by Consumers International Friday.

Among the report's more outrageous (令人无容忍的) findings—a German fertilizer described itself as "earthworm friendly", a brand of flour said it was "nonpolluting" and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentally friendlier".

The study was written and researched by Britain's National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.

"While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy", said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.

The 10country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.

The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergents (洗涤剂), insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.

Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.

"Many products had speciallydesigned labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing", said report researcher Philip Page.

"Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading." he said.

The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as "environmentally friendly" and "nonpolluting" cannot be verified. "What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO." said Page.

According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ______.

A．all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards

B．the claims made by products axe often unclear or deceiving

C．consumers would believe many of the manufactures' claims

D．few products actually prove to be environment friendly

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第5题

Why Google can't claim victory？选择

Why Google can't claim victory？

[A] Google doesn't agree to certain conditions.

[B] The European Union needs to sign off on the merge.

[C] Google has raised concerns about consumer privacy.

[D] Google can't begin incorporating DoubleClick into it's business.

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第6题

Why Google can't claim victory？A．Google doesn't agree to certain conditions.B．The European

Why Google can't claim victory？

A．Google doesn't agree to certain conditions.

B．The European Union needs to sign off on the merge.

C．Google has raised concerns about consumer privacy.

D．Google can't begin incorporating DoubleClick into it's business.

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第7题

The passage is mainly about ________.A) how to make a wise buying decisionB) ways t

The passage is mainly about ________.

A) how to make a wise buying decision

B) ways to protect the interests of the consumer

C) the positive and negative aspects of advertising

D) the function of advertisements in promoting sales

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第8题

The passage tells us that__________. 查看材料A.sometime

The passage tells us that__________. 查看材料

A.sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs

B.advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don"t need

C.the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements

D.fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment

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第9题

The passage tells us that ________.A) sometimes advertisements really sell what the

The passage tells us that ________.

A) sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs

B) advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need

C) the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements

D) fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment

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第10题

He said the agent___________want to buy at that price.

A.A. do

B.B. hasn't

C.C. didn't

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第11题

【C20】A．had saidB．would have saidC．wouldn"t have saidD．hadn"t said

【C20】

A．had said

B．would have said

C．wouldn"t have said

D．hadn"t said

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