题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
What made recycling a major factor on the urban scene in 1970s？
A．Financial viability in the 1960s.
B．Tax incentives and rapid depreciation.
C．Growing interest in ecology issues.
D．Both B and C.
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Recycling
One of the most important changes in how modern societies respond to the problems of waste and its disposal is the development of techniques and processes for recycling materials that have been thrown away. Of course, recycling means that the material was cycled before. What the word really means is that the material has gone from a raw material to a factory or production process to use by a consumer. Most plastics, for example, began as crude oil from oil wells. A manufacturing process changes some of the chemicals in oil to plastics. The plastics are made into thousands of products and sent on to consumers who use them. When consumers are finished with their plastic bottles or toys or packages, they throw them away.
Unfortunately, as we often see on automobile bumper stickers, "Throw it away？ There is no away." What that means, of course, is that as we produce more and more waste, safe and easy places to put it are be coming fewer and fewer. Moreover, oil for plastics, trees for paper, and coal and oil to make heat for glass and metal production are also becoming harder to find and more expensive. One solution that can help solve problems of both supply and disposal is recycling, or using the same material more than once.
As an idea, recycling has been around for a long time. In fact, we might say that it has always been around, as long as people have used something after it has been used for something else. Using a coconut shell as a container after the coconut has been eaten may have occurred long ago. Glass jars are used to store screws or nails in many homes. Many industries have reused materials. Steel mills have added old steel to their furnaces, and glass companies have done the same with old glass. Paper has also been reused. In recent years, however, recycling is being seen as a more and more important way to reduce waste and the use of raw materials.
Many cities in the United States have begun recycling programs for household waste. Household waste, or the trash and garbage that we throw away from our homes, is made up mostly of paper. Food is the second largest part, but glass and metal are the next largest. Together, paper, glass, and metal make up almost 75 percent of the trash we throw away. If we could recycle much of that, we could greatly reduce the amount of trash we have to find a place for.
Some governments are also requiring more recycling. Japan already recycles about 50 percent of its household trash. The German government now has a very strict law requiring that most plastics and metal be recycled. This law has made a big change in the way automobiles are built and sold. Under the new law, automobile manufacturers must buy a car back when it is no longer useful. The car must then be separated into materials that can be recycled—metals, plastics, glass, and so on. This law has made automobile manufacturers think more carefully about the kinds of materials that go into automobiles and how those materials are used.
Recycling does not always go smoothly. Sometimes industries are not able to use all of the old material that is available.If paper manufacturers cannot use all of the old paper that is available, there will be no one to buy it and it will still have to be thrown away. The same is true for many metals and plastics. In Germany, problems have developed with their new law, because more materials are being recovered than manufacturers of new items can use. The government has to buy these materials, and it is costing a lot of money.
Closely related to the problem of usability is the problem of cost of recovery. There are many types of plastics, and not all of them can be reused or reused together. They have to be separated, cleaned, and sorted. Automobiles are made up of many types of metals and plastics. Separating all of these materials and recovering them for re
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
W: By saving water.
M: Well, can you explain how we can do that？
W: By not using too much water when we wash dishes, take a bath, and when we do other things, like watering the plants outside.
M: Oh, I think I can do that. What else？
W: When drinking or eating something outside, you should keep the garbage until you find a trashcan to put it in because littering makes our planet dirty. Do you like seeing trash all over the ground？
M: No, I don't. Do you have any final suggestions？
W: Yes. We shouldn't waste paper because trees are being cut down to make the paper. By recycling paper, we save the forests where animals live.
M: So, how can children recycle paper, I mean, everyday？
W: Well, for example, when I was in kindergarten, I used to save the newspapers so that I could have things made out of them, like paper trees, instead of just throwing them away. Now, the children in our neighborhood collect newspapers once a month to take them to a recycling center.
M: That's great. Well thanks Alex for your ideas.
(23)
A．Washing cars.
B．Cleaning clothes.
C．Taking a bath.
D．Drinking.
W: By saving water.
M: Well, how can we do that？
W: By not using too much water when we wash dishes, take a bath, and when we do other things, like watering the plants outside.
M: Oh, I think I can do that. What else？
W: When drinking or eating something outside, you should keep the garbage until you find a trashcan to put it in because littering makes our planet dirty. Do you like seeing trash all over the ground？
M: No, I don't. Do you have any final suggestions？
W: Yes. We shouldn't waste paper because trees are being cot down to make the paper. By recycling paper, we save the forests where animals live.
M: So, how can people recycle paper, I mean, everyday？
W: Well, for example, when I was in the office, I used to save the newspapers so that I could collect things made out of them, like paper trees, instead of just throwing them away. Now, the children in our neighborhood collect newspapers once a month to take them to a recycling center.
M: That's great. Well, thanks Alex for your ideas.
(20)
A．Separating different types of garbage.
B．Disposing of trash properly.
C．Having a family clean-up party.
D．Saving water whenever using it.
According to the speaker, why do most recycling program fail？
A．Because all the trash cans are the same color.
B．Because not enough people volunteer to collect the trash.
C．Because most people don' t like to sort their trash.
D．Because collections are not made on a regular basis.
What' s the main purpose of this talk？
A．To explain why recycling important.
B．To describe the recycling program.
C．To discuss whether or not recycling should be mandatory (命令性的).
D．To explain how to find the recycling facilities.
What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in Paragraph 3？
A) Breaking up whatever is breakable.
B) Sharpening metal bars.
C) Separating light elements from the heavy ones.
D) Sorting out small pieces of metal.
What is the goal of the woman's group？
A．To get funding from the city's recycling center.
B．To raise people's awareness of recycling.
C．To force the government to change its actions on plant funding.
D．To prevent the government from funding the main plant.
What’s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants？
A) To deal with wastes in better way.
B) To protect the environment from pollution.
C) To get raw materials locally.
D) To get big profits from those plants.
What will be the primary responsibilities of the volunteers？
A．To paint the trash cans.
B．To pick up and sort the trash.
C．To pick up and deliver the trash.
D．Do work in the recycling center.
听力原文： Forests are of great importance to our environment because they can absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. They may also provide shelter and food for many different types of plants and animals. Trees are cut down for many reasons but the main reasons are to make space to build new houses and to clear land to grow grass for cows and sheep to eat, to produce dairy foods. The trees being cut down are sold and are made into paper and furniture.
Cutting down trees may have serious effects to the environment. (33)If animals' homes, which are built in and around the trees, are destroyed, many species in the world will become extinct. For example, many different types of animals in South America had disappeared before scientists could learn about them. Cutting down trees also affects the climate. When rain falls on a forest, new clouds will be created. If huge areas of trees are cut down, clouds can not form, rain does not fall and the land becomes drier and drier and finally becomes deserts. (34)And what's more, the carbon dioxide builds up and adds to the global warming which is making the earth become hotter and hotter.
(35)In recent years, to protect the forests, many European countries are planting trees faster than they are cutting them down. Many trees were planted a few years ago to replace woodland and to create forests in areas where there wasn't much wood. We can also help to save forests by reusing and recycling paper.
(34)
A．The loss of natural habitat for many species.
B．Less space for building new homes.
C．Less carbon dioxide and oxygen.
D．Reduced supply of paper and wood.
