假设一个经济有以下菲利普斯曲线:π=π-1-0.5(u-0.06)。
a.自然失业率是多少?
b.画出通货膨胀与失业之间的短期与长期关系。
c.为了使通货膨胀减少5个百分点,必须有多少周期性失业?用奥肯定律计算牺牲率。
d.通货膨胀为10%,美联储想把它降到5%。给出两种能达到这个目标的方案。
Suppose that an economy has the Phillips curve π=π-1-0.5(u-0.06).
a.What is the natural rate of unemployment?
b.Graph the short-run and long-run relationships between inflation and unemployment.
c.How much cyclical unemployment is necessary to reduce inflation by 5 percentage points? Using Okun's law, compute the sacrifice ratio.
d.Inflation is running at 10 percent. The Fed wants to reduce it to 5 percent. Give two scenarios that will achieve that goal.
Suppose a country has the Harris-Todaro problem.That is,for some reason urban wages are much higher than rural,leading to inefficiently low manufacturing production,but at the same time there is high urban unemployment because rural workers migrate to the cities in search of high-wage jobs.What policy or combination of policies would you advocate to solve this problem?
考虑失业会如何影响索洛增长模型。假定产出是根据生产函数Y=Ka[(1-u<sup>*</sup>)L]1-a而生产的。式中,K为资本;L为劳动;u<sup>*</sup>为自然失业率。国民储蓄率为s,劳动力增长率为n。资本折旧率为δ。
a.把人均产出(y=Y/L)表示为人均资本(k=K/L)和自然失业率的函数。描述该经济的稳定状态。
b.假定政府政策的某些变化降低了自然失业率。描述这一变化随时间的推进如何影响产出。对产出的稳定状态的影响大于还是小于立即的影响?请解释。
Consider how unemployment would affect the Solow growth model. Suppose that output is produced according to the production function Y=Kα[(1-u<sup>*</sup>)L]1-α,where K is capital, L is the labor force, and u<sup>*</sup> is the natural rate of unemployment. The national saving rate is s, the labor force grows at rate n, and capital depreciates at rate δ.
a.Express output per worker (y=Y/L) as a function of capital per worker (k=K/L) and the natural rate of unemployment. Describe the steady state of this economy.
b.Suppose that some change in government policy reduces the natural rate of unemployment. Describe how this change affects output both immediately and over time. Is the steady-state effect on output larger or smaller than the immediate effect? Explain.