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As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain

context , pragmatics can also be considered as a kind of meaning study.

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更多“As the process of communicatio…”相关的问题
第1题
You are an audit senior of Scarlet & Co and are in the process of reviewing the system
s testing completed on the payroll cycle of Bronze Industries Co (Bronze), as well as preparing the audit programmes for the final audit.

Bronze operate several chemical processing factories across the country, it manufactures 24 hours a day, seven days a week and employees work a standard shift of eight hours and are paid for hours worked at an hourly rate. Factory employees are paid weekly, with approximately 80% being paid by bank transfer and 20% in cash; the different payment methods are due to employee preferences and Bronze has no plans to change these methods. The administration and sales teams are paid monthly by bank transfer.

Factory staff are each issued a sequentially numbered clock card which details their employee number and name. Employees swipe their cards at the beginning and end of the eight-hour shift and this process is not supervised. During the shift employees are entitled to a 30-minute paid break and employees do not need to clock out to access the dining area. Clock card data links into the payroll system, which automatically calculates gross and net pay along with any statutory deductions. The payroll supervisor for each payment run checks on a sample basis some of these calculations to ensure the system is operating effectively.

Bronze has a human resources department which is responsible for setting up new permanent employees and leavers. Appointments of temporary staff are made by factory production supervisors. Occasionally overtime is required of factory staff, usually to fill gaps caused by staff holidays. Overtime reports which detail the amount of overtime worked are sent out quarterly by the payroll department to production supervisors for their review.

To encourage staff to attend work on time for all shifts Bronze pays a discretionary bonus every six months to factory staff; the production supervisors determine the amounts to be paid. This is communicated in writing by the production supervisors to the payroll department and the bonus is input by a clerk into the system.

For employees paid by bank transfer, the payroll manager reviews the list of the payments and agrees to the payroll records prior to authorising the bank payment. If any changes are required, the payroll manager amends the records. For employees paid in cash, the pay packets are prepared in the payroll department and a clerk distributes them to employees; as she knows most of these individuals she does not require proof of identity.

Required:

(a) Identify and explain FIVE internal control STRENGTHS in Bronze Industries Co’s payroll system. (5 marks)

(b) Identify and explain SIX internal control DEFICIENCIES in Bronze Industries Co’s payroll system and provide a RECOMMENDATION to address each of these deficiencies. (12 marks)

(c) Describe substantive ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES you should perform. to confirm Bronze Industries Co’s payroll expense. (3 marks)

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第2题
Truffle Co makes high quality, hand-made chocolate truffles which it sells to a local reta
iler. All chocolates are made in batches of 16, to fit the standard boxes supplied by the retailer. The standard cost of labour for each batch is $6·00 and the standard labour time for each batch is half an hour. In November, Truffle Co had budgeted production of 24,000 batches; actual production was only 20,500 batches. 12,000 labour hours were used to complete the work and there was no idle time. All workers were paid for their actual hours worked. The actual total labour cost for November was $136,800. The production manager at Truffle Co has no input into the budgeting process.

At the end of October, the managing director decided to hold a meeting and offer staff the choice of either accepting a 5% pay cut or facing a certain number of redundancies. All staff subsequently agreed to accept the 5% pay cut with immediate effect.

At the same time, the retailer requested that the truffles be made slightly softer. This change was implemented immediately and made the chocolates more difficult to shape. When recipe changes such as these are made, it takes time before the workers become used to working with the new ingredient mix, making the process 20% slower for at least the first month of the new operation.

The standard costing system is only updated once a year in June and no changes are ever made to the system outside of this.

Required:

(a) Calculate the total labour rate and total labour efficiency variances for November, based on the standard cost provided above. (4 marks)

(b) Analyse the total labour rate and total labour efficiency variances into component parts for planning and operational variances in as much detail as the information allows. (8 marks)

(c) Assess the performance of the production manager for the month of November. (8 marks)

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第3题
(a) Define audit risk and the components of audit risk. (5 marks)You are an audit supervis

(a) Define audit risk and the components of audit risk. (5 marks)

You are an audit supervisor of Amethyst & Co and are currently planning the audit of your client, Aquamarine Co (Aquamarine) which manufactures elevators. Its year end is 31 July 2016 and the forecast profit before tax is $15·2 million.

The company undertakes continuous production in its factory, therefore at the year end it is anticipated that work in progress will be approximately $950,000. In order to improve the manufacturing process, Aquamarine placed an order in April for $720,000 of new plant and machinery; one third of this order was received in May with the remainder expected to be delivered by the supplier in late July or early August.

At the beginning of the year, Aquamarine purchased a patent for $1·3 million which gives them the exclusive right to manufacture specialised elevator equipment for five years. In order to finance this purchase, Aquamarine borrowed $1·2 million from the bank which is repayable over five years.

In January 2016 Aquamarine outsourced its payroll processing to an external service organisation, Coral Payrolls Co (Coral). Coral handles all elements of the payroll cycle and sends monthly reports to Aquamarine detailing the payroll costs. Aquamarine ran its own payroll until 31 December 2015, at which point the records were transferred over to Coral.

The company has a policy of revaluing land and buildings and the finance director has announced that all land and buildings will be revalued at the year end. During a review of the management accounts for the month of May 2016, you have noticed that receivables have increased significantly on the previous year end and against May 2015.

The finance director has informed you that the company is planning to make approximately 65 employees redundant after the year end. No decision has been made as to when this will be announced, but it is likely to be prior to the year end.

Required:

(b) Describe SIX audit risks, and explain the auditor’s response to each risk, in planning the audit of Aquamarine Co. (12 marks)

(c) Explain the additional factors Amethyst & Co should consider during the audit in relation to Aquamarine Co’s use of the payroll service organisation. (3 marks)

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第4题
You are an audit senior of Hessonite & Co and are in the process of reviewing the inve
ntory system documentation for your audit client, Lemon Quartz Co (Quartz) which manufactures computer equipment. The company’s factory and warehouse are based on one large site, and their year end is 30 June 2016. Quartz is planning to undertake a full inventory count at the year end of its raw materials, work in progress and finished goods and you will be attending this count. In preparation you have been reviewing the inventory count instructions for finished goods provided by Quartz.

The count will be undertaken by 15 teams of two counters from the warehouse department with Quartz’s financial controller providing overall supervision. Each team of two is allocated a number of bays within the warehouse to count and they are provided with sequentially numbered inventory sheets which contain product codes and quantities extracted from the inventory records. The counters move through each allocated bay counting the inventory and confirming that it agrees with the inventory sheets. Where a discrepancy is found, they note this on the sheet.

The warehouse is large and approximately 10% of the bays have been rented out to third parties with similar operations; these are scattered throughout the warehouse. For completeness, the counters have been asked to count the inventory for all bays noting the third party inventories on separate blank inventory sheets, and the finance department will make any necessary adjustments.

Some of Quartz’s finished goods are high in value and are stored in a locked area of the warehouse and all the counting teams will be given the code to access this area. There will be no despatches of inventory during the count and it is not anticipated that there will be any deliveries from suppliers.

Each area is counted once by the allocated team; the sheets are completed in ink, signed by the team and returned after each bay is counted. As no two teams are allocated the same bays, there will be no need to flag that an area has been counted. On completion of the count, the financial controller will confirm with each team that they have returned their inventory sheets.

Required:

(a) In respect of the inventory count procedures for Lemon Quartz Co:

(i) Identify and explain FIVE deficiencies;

(ii) Recommend a control to address each of these deficiencies; and

(iii) Describe a TEST OF CONTROL the external auditors would perform. to assess if each of these controls, if implemented, is operating effectively.

Note: The total marks will be split equally between each part. (15 marks)

(b) Quartz’s finance director has asked your firm to undertake a non-audit assurance engagement later in the year. The audit junior has not been involved in such an assignment before and has asked you to explain what an assurance engagement involves.

Required:

Explain the five elements of an assurance engagement. (5 marks)

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第5题
An ‘interlanguage' is a language that is in the process of developing. ()

An ‘interlanguage' is a language that is in the process of developing. ()

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第6题
These drawings () the wall are process sheets.A.inB.overC.onD./

These drawings () the wall are process sheets.

A.in

B.over

C.on

D./

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第7题
Only after the invention of computers, ______ a step further.A.did the process of automati

Only after the invention of computers, ______ a step further.

A.did the process of automation go

B.the process of automation went

C.so the process of automation

D.went the process of automation

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第8题
These drawings()the wall are process sheets.A. inB. over C. onD. /

These drawings()the wall are process sheets.

A. in

B. over

C. on

D. /

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第9题
The control process is a three-step process that includes unfreezing the system, chang
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