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Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts (酵母菌), moulds (霉) and bacteria (细菌). The canning process, however, seals the product in a container so that no infection can reach it, and then it is sterilized (消毒) by heat. Heat sterilization destroys all infectious present in food inside the can. No chemical preservatives are necessary, and properly canned food does not deteriorate during storage.
Today vegetables, fish, fruit, meat and beer are canned in enormous quantifies. Foods that were previously seasonal may now be eaten at any time, and strange foods are available far from the countries where they are grown. The profitable crops many farmers now produce often depend on the proximity (邻近) of a canning factory.
The first stage in the canning process is the preparation of the raw food. Diseased and waste portions are thrown away; meat and fish are cleaned and trimmed; fruit and vegetables washed and graded for size. The jobs are principally done by machine
The next stage, for vegetables only, is blanching. This is immersion (浸洗) in very hot or boiling water for a short time to remove air and soften the vegetable. This makes it easier to pack into cans for sterilization. Some packing machines fill up to 400 cans a minute. Fruit, fish and meat are packed mw and cold into cans, and then all the air is removed. When the cans are sealed, the pressure inside each can is only about half the pressure of the outside air. This is "vacuum" packing.
During the sterilization process which follows, the cans are subjected to steam or boiling water, with the temperature and duration varying according to the type of food. Cans of fruit, for example, take only 5-10 minutes in boiling water, while meat and fish are cooked at higher temperature for longer periods. After sterilization, the cans are cooled quickly to 32℃, to prevent the contents from becoming too soft.
The final stage before dispatch to the wholesale or retail grocer is labeling, and packing the tins into boxes. Nowadays, however, labeling is often printed on in advance by the can maker and no paper labels are then required.
Food deteriorates during storage because ______.
A．necessary chemical preservatives are totally absent from it
B．it is infected with yeasts, moulds and bacteria
C．heat sterilization destroys infections present in it
D．it isn't fit for storage
Why do people like to buy red fruit？
A．They believe it is ripe.
B．It sells cheaper than gold.
C．It is usually more delicious.
D．They know it is an improved variety.
Why is McDonald using fruit production to take the place of traditional French fries？
A．Price of potato is increasing.
B．Apple is adored by more people.
C．McDonald wants to make their food diversified.
D．Fruit production, for instant, apple is of higher nutrition.
听力原文： The tomato is the world's most popular fruit. And yes, botanically speaking it is a fruit, not a vegetable. More than 60 million tons of tomatoes are produced per year, 16 million tons more than the second most popular fruit, the banana. Apples are the third most popular (36 million tons), then oranges (34 million tons) and watermelons (22 million tons).
Tomatoes were first cultivated in 700 AD by Aztecs and Incas. Explorers returning from Mexico introduced the tomato into Europe, where it was first mentioned in 1556. The French called it "the apple of love," the Germans "the apple of paradise." The scientific term for the common tomato is lycopersicon, which means "wolf peach." It is a cousin of the eggplant, red pepper, ground cherry, and potato, also known as the nightshade. There are more than 10,000 varieties of tomatoes.
Tomatoes are used in many food products, including, of course, tomato sauce (ketchup), pasta and pizza. According to a Steel Packing Council survey of 1997, 68% of chefs use canned tomatoes for convenience, quality and flavoring.
(26)
A．Mom than 16 million tons.
B．More than 22 million tons.
C．More than 34 million tons.
D．More than 60 million tons.
听力原文： Health food is a general term applied to all kinds of food that are considered more healthful than the types of foods widely sold in supermarkets. For instance, whole grains, fried beaus, and corn oil are health foods. A narrower classification of health food is natural food, which is used to distinguish between types of the same food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, whereas relined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives, is not. The most precise term of all and the narrowest classification within health food is organic food, which is used to describe food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruits and vegetables that are grown in gardens that are only treated with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides, and that are not refined after harvest, are organic foods. Meats, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only organically-grown feed and that are not injected with hormones are organic foods.
In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed foods, or organic, unprocessed foods. A wise decision should include investigation of the claims that processed foods contain chemicals, some of which ate proven to be poisonous, and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed foods.
(30)
A．Refined food.
B．Processed food.
C．Natural food.
D．Organic food.
听力原文：M: Ontario and upper New York State have lots of orchards, don't they？
W: Yes, many types of fruit grow near the Great Lakes because of the northern climates.
Q: According to the woman, why does fruit grow in Ontario and New York？
(18)
A．The northern climate.
B．The water from the lakes.
C．The well. managed orchards.
D．The great northern terrain.
M: But that's what we call it.
Q: Why does the woman complain？
(13)
A．She doesn't get what she wanted.
B．She is given a vegetable salad.
C．She finds the fruit not fresh enough.
D．She has been overcharged.
The majority of people in this country eat too much fat and not enough fibre (纤维) and for most people having a healthy diet is simple and easy to do. The move towards a healthy diet may just mean eating more fruit, vegetables, bread and potatoes.
There are 5 basic food groups and a healthy diet consists of eating a variety of foods from each of the groups.
1. Bread, potatoes, rice, noodles,and breakfast cereals.
These foods mostly contain starch (淀粉) and should be the main part of all your meals. If possible try to choose high fibre varieties. This group of foods is an excellent source (来源) fibre and is rich in vitamin (维生素)
2. Fruit and vegetables
This includes all frozen, fresh and canned fruit/vegetables as well as salad vegetables. These are all excellent sources of vitamins minerals and fibre and are naturally low in fat and calories.
3. Milk and dairy foods
Milk and dairy products include cheese, yoghurt and milk. They are rich in protein (蛋白质) calcium, vitamin and minerals.
4. Meat, fish and poultry (家禽)
Eating fish 1-2 times a week is good for you. All types of meats are included in the category and red meat is excellent source of iron and vitamin B12. Nuts, peas and beans are also in this food group.
5. Foods containing fats and sugars.
This last group contains butter, cream, ice cream, cooking oil, cakes, biscuits, chocolate, sugary drinks, sweets and crisps. All of these foods tend to be high in fat and calories.Try not to eat these foods too often and when you do, only have them in small amounts.
(1)、What’s the problem with many people？
A、Not enough sleep
B、Staying up late
C、Eating too much fat and not enough fibre
D、Under stress
(2)、What does a healthy diet mean？ It means （）.
A、five different kinds of foods a meal
B、different kinds of foods from the 5 basic food groups
C、different kinds of fruits and vegetables
D、less fruit, vegetables, bread and potatoes
(3)、We should try not to eat foods from （） too often.
A、Group 5
B、Group 4
C、Group 1
D、Both Group 4 and Group 5
(4)、Which of following sentence is NOT true？
A、Nuts and meat are in the same group.
B、Milk and dairy products are rich in protein.
C、Bread and milk are in the same group.
D、Cakes and chocolate tend to be high in fat and calories.
(5)、What’s the main idea of the passage？
A、What should a healthy diet consist of ？
B、How can we tell the differences from 5 basic food groups？
C、A healthy diet is simple and easy to do.
D、Vitamin is not a part of staying healthy.
下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
School Lunch
Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat __________ （51） in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to __________（52）meals at lunchtime. Children can__________（53） to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.
One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much __________ （54） than lun-ches prepared by parents. There are strict__________（55） for the preparation of school meals，which have to include one __________（56） of fruit and one of vegetables， as well as meat， a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes __________（57 ） by researchers contained sweet drinks， crisps and chocolate bars. Children__________（58） twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.
The research will__________ （59） a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has__________ （60） in the last decade. Unfortunately， the government cannot__________（61） parents， but it can remind them of the__________ （62） value of milk， fruit and veg-etables. Small changes in their children"s diet can__________（63）their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating__________（64） at this age， and parents are the only ones who can __________ （65）it.
51 查看材料
A.certainly
B.properly
C.probably
D.possibly
However, many of these fast foods have been attacked by scientists. The main problem with most fast food meals is that they're not nutritionally balanced. Those of chicken or beef usually contain more than enough protein for a person in one meal. They tend to supply you with too much fat and sugar but too little vitamins and iron. Pizza, a well-balanced fast food, however, is especially high in salt content, a factor for developing high blood pressure. And potatoes are a nutritious food, but when fried in fat they also become a high-fat food. Fast food meals also sadly lack of vegetables and fruit. Thus it is good to eat vegetables and fruit at your other meals on the days when you eat fast food.
There are many reasons why Americans like fast food EXCEPT that ______.
A．fast food is very cheap
B．fast food is very delicious
C．only a little of fast food makes you feel full
D．fast food is nutritionally balanced
