题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.Freud
B.Darwin
C.W.
D. Howells
E.Emerson
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A．No-smoking, double bed and quiet.
B．No-smoking, single bed and quiet.
C．Smoking, single bed and quiet.
D．Smoking, double bed and quiet.
Many people believe that______.
A．taking drugs once in a while will not be harmful
B．a single smoke of opium will make you an addict to it
C．the authorities are honest in dealing with the drug problem
D．it is a heroic activity to destroy all the drugs available
【25】______ , the standard variety of English is based on the London 【26】______ of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 【27】______ by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 【28】______ a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 【29】______ that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, 【30】______ English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 【31】______ the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 【32】______ among local standards is really quite minor, 【33】______ the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very 【34】______ different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 【35】______ . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 【36】______ on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 【37】______ much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be 【38】______ . This 【39】______ situation is not unique to English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 【40】______ . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supernational ones.
【21】
A．said
B．told
C．talked
D．spoken
A．The car exerts great influence on American culture.
B．Public transportation in the U.S. is highly efficient.
C．Americans enjoy following a certain schedule.
D．What Americans want most is fortune.
Historically, the standard variety of English is based on the London dialect of English that developed after the Norman conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one preferred by the educated, and it was developed and promoted as a model, or a norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the norm that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used: variation among local standards is really quite minor, so that the Singapore, south Africa, and Irish varieties are really very little different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are concerned. Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous pressure on all local varieties, to the extent that many of the long - established dialects of England have lost much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to converge toward the standard. This latter situation is not unique to English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are under way. But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational ones.
Which of the following statements is true according to this passage？
A．Standard English is better than non -standard English.
B．Standard English does not differ from non - standard English in principle.
C．Standard English can be both formal and colloquial.
D．Non- standard English is the same as colloquial English.
A.It may highlight the purpose of literature teaching.
B.It may expose students to the dark side of the world.
C.It may deprive students of their intellectual growth.
D.It may cause students to experience a post-traumatic-stress disorder.
A.Older people feel thankful for working in a stable environment．
B.Young people feel unpleasant about being paid less than their peers．
C.The success of peers exerts a negative impact on people over 45．
D.Young workers under 45 appreciate a much smaller ttmnel effect．
Why do we care so much about how we look？ Because it matters. Because beauty is powerful. Because even when we learn to value people mostly for being kind and wise and funny, we are still moved by beauty. No matter how much we argue against it or pretend to be immune, beauty exerts its power over us. There is simply no escape.
Aristotle said, “Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction.” It’s not fair, but it’s true. We simply treat beautiful people better than we do others. Attach a photograph of a beautiful author to an essay, and people will think that it is more creative and more intelligently written than exactly the same essay accompanied by the photo of a homely author.
As children, beautiful people are more likely to become favorites with parents and teachers. Later, they’re more likely to get good jobs and promotion. Beautiful lawyers get paid more than their less attractive colleagues. Good-looking criminals are more likely to win the sympathy of judges and juries. Attractive people in need are more likely to receive help from strangers.
(1)Eleanor Roosevelt’s regret shows ().
A、she was one of the most successful, influential, and beloved women in American history
B、she was not pretty
C、she has many regrets
D、even she was pretty, she wanted to be prettier
(2)“It matters” in paragraph 2 line 1 means ().
A、It is a matter
B、It doesn’t matter
C、It is important
D、It is not important
(3)According to paragraph 2 and paragraph 3, which of the following is not true？
A、We learn to value people mostly for being kind and wise and funny.
B、We can be immune to beauty.
C、Aristotle meant beauty is the best recommendation.
D、People think a beautiful author’s essay is more creative and more intelligently written.
(4)Paragraph 4 is written to show ().
A、beauty is powerful
B、beautiful children are favorites with parents and teachers
C、beautiful lawyers get higher pay than their homely colleagues
D、attractive people receive more help from strangers
(5)The word “good -looking” in paragraph 4 line 3 may mean ().
A、beautiful or handsome
B、lovely
C、careful
D、kind-hearted
Why Companies Now Favour Cash
A．Cheap and plentiful credit has powered the US economy for decades. But since the fi- nancial crisis of 2008， America has gone on a drastic debt diet. Just as families are pay- ing down credit-card debt and building up cash reserves， businesses large and small are learning to operate in an environment where cash once again is king. The economic shift has been dramatic; bank lending has dropped at a frightening rate. In 2009 the banking system notched （刻数） the largest decline in loans in the history of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Meanwhile， the amount of commercial and industrial loans has fallen 19 percent since the fall of 2008 —— back to the level of late 2006. Even the finan- cial sector has cut way back on debt.
B．Sorry about credit bubble， both companies and individuals spent and invested based on expectations of what they could borrow. Now they"re hoarding cash. The savings rate， near zero in 2007， rose to 3.3 percent in January. At the end of the September in 2009， the 376 members of the S&P 500 that aren"t utilities or financial firms had a record $820 billion in cash in their coffers （金库）， up more than 20 percent from the year be- fore， according to Standard & Poor"s.
C．The conventional wisdom holds that the tightening of credit is an obstacle to recovery. And for many businesses， especially small ones， the inability to pay off old debt or open new lines of credit can hinder expansion plans. But the economy isn"t fueled by debt alone. After all， in 2009， the economy experienced a sharp turn， from shrinking at a rate of 6.4 percent in the first quarter to growing at a rate of 5.9 percent in the fourth quarter —— all while private- sector credit reduced. More broadly， the embrace of cash could be beneficial. During the go- go years， it was common to hear theorists talk about the "discipline of debt".
D．On paper， high debt loads force managers （and homeowners） to make tough， swift decisions to stay solvent （有偿付能力的）. Break the contact， and you lose the company （or the house）. In reality， overextended （周转不灵的） borrowers are more likely to walk away from mortgages， or push companies into Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Amer- icans are now discovering that cash exerts a superior discipline. The real discipline of cash may be that it causes executives， consumers， and investors to think twice —— and to think about the long-term consequences —— before spending. The need for instant satis- faction is part of what created the current mess.
E. The ability to adapt rapidly remains one of America"s competitive advantages. And since the onset of the financial crisis， both consumers and businesses have embraced the new real- ity. After digging themselves out of $20，000 in debt in 2007， Susarmah Fater， her husband David —— a district manager at Staples —— and their four children did something radical: they became an all-cash household. "Bills like groceries， gas， and allowance are taken out every month and put into envelopes so that we know exactly where we are financially，" says Su- sannah. Consumer-oriented firms have pivoted （以……为中心旋转） rapidly to service new pay-as-you-go consumers like the Faters. ELayaway.com， based in Tallahassee， Fla.， and founded in 2005， offers its 75，000 customers the ability to buy products on installment plans （up to 13 months） from 1，000 merchants， including Apple and Amazon.com. The typical purchase is an electronics item with an average cost of $440 and a four-month payment term.
Cofounder Sergio Pinon notes the rise of a category of customers eLayaway calls "planners"，who pay for next winter"s snowblowers this summer.
F. Texas electricity provider First Choice Power in January launched a prepaid service called Control First. "In Texas， there are about a million households who have slim credit or no credit at all，" says company president Brian Hayduk. Without requiring a deposit or credit， customers are permitted to prepurchase a set amount of electricity —— say $100 per month.
The company installs a smart meter that lets people know how much they"ve used —— which spurs customers to manage their energy use more intelligently.
G. The rise of the cash economy has made businesses hesitant to make the type of capital expenditures they used to fund with debt —— big-ticket items like factories， expensive equipment， and new buildings. But it has made them more receptive to companies that offer efficiency and saving with little money down. At Boston-based EnerNOC， reve- nues nearly doubled last year. EnerNOC has two lines of business. On behalf of electric utilities， they supports companies that agree to reduce electricity use at times of peak demand in exchange for cash payments. And it installs submeters to measure buildings" energy consumption in microscopic detail， and then suggests ways to reduce demand.
"We sell the software and guarantee we"ll identify energy-savings opportunities worth twice what they pay us on an annual basis，" says CEO Tim Healy. "It"s very capital- light." In 2009 the number of company employees rose from about 330 to more than 400， and it projected revenue growth of $75 million （nearly 40 percent） in 2010.
H. Before the deluge， companies and investors chose the easy path of gaining returns by us- ing their balance sheet —— they"d borrow money to pay a dividend， or to purchase another company. But financial engineering has given way to business engineering. Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts， the huge leveraged-buyout firm that made profits through financial strategies during the credit boom， has built up a staff of in-house retail executives who work with com- panies" it owns， such as Dollar General and Toys "R" Us. Just as there are fewer no-money- down mortgages in the housing market， many of today"s buyouts are significantly less lever- aged. Since transactions that use less debt and more cash are less likely to go bankrupt， the greater use of cash is a basis for a more stable， more rational financial system. Stephen Ka- plan， a professor at the University of Chicago business school， notes that returns are poor for buyout fimds that make highly leveraged acquisitions during credit booms. When cheap debt is available on easy terms， "they do more marginal deals."
I. Of course， a fine line separates conservation from hoarding， and careful saving from miserliness （吝啬）. For many financial executives， the wholesale collapse of the credit markets in the fall of 2008 induced the same reaction that the anti-drug movie Scared Straight used to create among teenagers. "There"s a greater focus on liquidity and the preservation of cash for the unexpected than you had in the past，" says Seth Gardner， executive director of the Centre for Financial Excellence at Duke University"s Fuqua School of Business. Yet there are signs that corporate America is beginning to loosen the purse strings. Investment in equipment and software rebounded at an 18.4 percent an- nual rate in the fourth quarter of 2009. And S&P analyst Howard Silverblatt predicts that companies will start utilising their record cash piles on stock buybacks， dividends， and capital expenditures once they"re convinced the recovery is real.
People‘s traditional idea about the credit is that the tightening of it prevents the eco-nomic recovery.
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A) that; that; who B) it; that; that
C) it; who; that D) this; who; who
A.he; who; that
B.it; that; that
C.it; who; who
D.he; that; who
